Transistor is a solid state electronic device with a three terminal device.
The three terminal is indicated by the letters E for emitter, C for collector and B for base. The emitter is heavily doped, the base is ligthly doped and the collector is lightly doped.
The vacuum tube was replaced by this three solid device because it's smaller, light weight, had rugged constructions, more efficient, no warm up period, lower operating voltages and instantly available for use.
I will guide you for you to easily understand about it. The different types and their functions.
Bipolar Junction Transistor is a current resistor and characterized as current amplifiers.
Field Effect Transistor is a three terminal device which enables us to use one electrical signal to control another.
Junction Field Effect Transistor
Junction Field effect transistor is a semiconductor having three terminal device with the ability to control the current with one terminal between the other two terminal.
MOSFETMetal Oxide semiconductor FET is one of the types of transistor originally known as insulated gate FET (IGFET).